Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary greatly in size from tiny, undetectable nodules to large masses that distort the uterus.
They are very common in women of reproductive age, especially between 30 and 50 years.
Causes of Fibroids
The exact cause of fibroids isn’t fully known, but several factors contribute to their development:
1. Hormonal Imbalance
- Estrogen and progesterone, the two hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, promote the growth of fibroids.
- When hormone levels are high (like during pregnancy), fibroids tend to grow faster.
2. Genetic Factors
- A family history of fibroids increases your chances of developing them.
- If your mother or sister has fibroids, your risk is higher.
3. Obesity
- Being overweight can lead to higher estrogen levels, which encourages fibroid growth.
4. Lifestyle Factors
- Lack of physical activity and poor diet (especially high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables) may contribute to fibroid growth.
5. Age
- Women between 30 and 50 are more likely to develop fibroids, though they usually shrink after menopause.
Symptoms of Fibroids
Not all fibroids cause symptoms — some women don’t even know they have them until they’re discovered during a routine checkup.
However, when symptoms appear, they may include:
1. Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding
- This is one of the most common symptoms. It may also cause anemia due to blood loss.
2. Pelvic Pain or Pressure
- You may feel a constant heaviness or discomfort in your lower abdomen.
3. Frequent Urination
- Fibroids can press against the bladder, making you urinate more often.
4. Constipation or Bloating
- If fibroids press on the rectum, they can cause digestive discomfort.
5. Lower Back Pain
- Especially if the fibroids are large or located near the spine.
6. Pain During Intercourse
- Some fibroids, depending on location, can make sexual activity painful.
7. Infertility or Pregnancy Complications
- Large fibroids may sometimes interfere with conception or pregnancy.
Prevention of Fibroids
While fibroids can’t always be prevented, certain lifestyle choices can help reduce the risk:
1. Maintain a Healthy Weight
- Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help control estrogen levels.
2. Eat a Fiber-Rich Diet
- Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
3. Limit Red Meat and Alcohol
- High consumption of red meat and alcohol is linked to higher fibroid risk.
4. Manage Stress
- Chronic stress affects hormone balance, which can influence fibroid growth.
5. Regular Checkups
- Early detection through pelvic exams or ultrasounds can help manage fibroids before they cause serious symptoms.
Treatment for Fibroids
The treatment depends on factors like the size, number, and location of fibroids, as well as the severity of symptoms and whether the woman wishes to have children.
1. Watchful Waiting
- If fibroids are small and symptom-free, doctors may recommend regular monitoring instead of immediate treatment.
2. Medications
- Hormonal therapy: Birth control pills, IUDs, or hormone-blocking medications can help shrink fibroids or control bleeding.
- Non-hormonal medicines: Pain relievers (like ibuprofen) or iron supplements (for anemia) may also be prescribed.
3. Non-Surgical Procedures
- Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): Cuts off blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
- MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to destroy fibroid tissue.
4. Surgical Treatments
- Myomectomy: Surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus (ideal for women who still want to conceive).
- Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus; this is a permanent solution but ends the ability to have children.
5. Alternative & Complementary Therapies
- Acupuncture: Helps manage pain, reduce bleeding, and balance hormones naturally.
- Herbal Medicine & Lifestyle Modifications: Some women find relief through natural remedies, stress reduction, and dietary changes (under professional guidance).
Conclusion
Fibroids are common but manageable. If you notice heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or other symptoms, consult a gynecologist for diagnosis and treatment options.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing stress, and going for regular medical checkups can significantly lower the risk and impact of fibroids.