What is Hysteroscopy?
Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment procedure used to examine the inside of a woman’s uterus (womb).
During this procedure, a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope is gently inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. This allows the doctor to clearly see the uterine cavity on a screen without making any external cuts.
It is commonly used to diagnose and treat problems related to:
- Irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding
- Difficulty in conceiving (infertility)
- Repeated miscarriages
- Uterine abnormalities such as fibroids, cysts, or polyps
Hysteroscopy can be diagnostic (to check and confirm issues) or operative (to treat the problem during the same procedure).
Types of Hysteroscopy Procedures
- Diagnostic Hysteroscopy:-Used to inspect the uterus and identify abnormalities.
- Operative Hysteroscopy:-Performed to correct problems found during the diagnostic process — such as removing fibroids, cysts, or polyps, or treating uterine septum or adhesions.
Fibroids & Cyst Removal through Hysteroscopy
1. Fibroids (Uterine Fibroids)
Definition:
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size — from small nodules to large masses that can enlarge the uterus.
Causes of Fibroids:
- Hormonal imbalance: Excess estrogen and progesterone can stimulate fibroid growth.
- Genetic factors: Family history of fibroids increases the risk.
- Obesity: Higher body fat leads to increased estrogen production.
- Early menstruation: Starting periods at a young age may increase risk.
- Lifestyle factors: Poor diet, lack of physical activity, and stress.
Symptoms of Fibroids:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Pain during intercourse
- Lower back pain
- Difficulty conceiving or repeated miscarriages
Prevention Tips for Fibroids:
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Exercise regularly to maintain hormone balance
- Manage stress through yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises
- Go for regular gynecological check-ups
Treatment for Fibroids:
1. Medication:
- Hormonal therapy to control bleeding and shrink fibroids
- Pain relievers for symptom relief
2. Hysteroscopic Myomectomy:
This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed through hysteroscopy to remove fibroids inside the uterine cavity.
It does not require any incision and helps improve fertility and reduce symptoms quickly.
3. Other Treatments:
- Uterine artery embolization (to block blood supply to fibroids)
- Myomectomy (surgical removal if fibroids are large)
- Hysterectomy (removal of uterus, only in severe cases and if no pregnancy is desired)
2. Uterine Cysts (Endometrial or Ovarian Cysts)
Definition:
Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form on or inside the uterus or ovaries. Most cysts are harmless and go away on their own, but some may cause symptoms or fertility issues.
Causes of Cysts:
- Hormonal imbalance (irregular ovulation)
- Endometriosis (tissue growing outside the uterus)
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Pelvic infections
- Pregnancy-related cysts
Symptoms of Cysts:
- Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
- Bloating or swelling
- Painful periods or irregular cycles
- Pain during intercourse
- Difficulty conceiving
- Sudden severe pain (if cyst ruptures or twists)
Prevention Tips for Cysts:
- Regular pelvic examinations
- Maintain healthy hormone balance
- Avoid smoking and alcohol
- Follow a nutritious diet with fewer processed foods
- Manage stress and maintain a healthy weight
Treatment for Cysts:
1. Observation:
Small cysts often disappear on their own; regular monitoring may be enough.
2. Medication:
Hormonal treatments (birth control pills) may help prevent new cysts from forming.
3. Hysteroscopic Cyst Removal:
If the cyst is located inside the uterus, hysteroscopy allows direct visualization and removal without any external incision.
This method is quick, safe, and promotes fast recovery.
4. Laparoscopic Surgery (if required):
For ovarian cysts that are large or symptomatic, laparoscopy may be used to remove them.
Benefits of Hysteroscopic Fibroid & Cyst Removal
- No external cuts or stitches
- Minimal pain and faster recovery
- Short hospital stay
- Preserves fertility
- Very low risk of infection or complications
- High success rate for symptom relief and improved reproductive health
Conclusion
Hysteroscopy is a modern, safe, and effective procedure for diagnosing and treating uterine problems like fibroids and cysts.
It helps restore normal menstrual flow, relieve pelvic pain, and improve fertility — all while minimizing discomfort and downtime.